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The following is a list of common logical fallacies of debate. ?While tienda del barça this reference is not comprehensive, the most frequently encountered are discussed briefly below with examples so that the thinker may become quickly acquainted with the ways people fool themselves and deceive others. ?Attempts to manipulate thought abound, and being familiar with logical fallacies is a healthy defense, especially when engaged in philosophical debate where truth is supposedly sought, despite whatever ulterior agenda is present. ?For the reader's entertainment, the examples are actual arguments the author has unfortunately been forced to camisetas del barcelona baratas confront.
Argument to Antiquity ? This argument supports a practice as correct because it has always been done that way. ?For example, "Most civilizations throughout history practiced some form of human sacrifice to secure a better crop. ?We're still here, so I think we should continue to sacrifice." ?This is an appeal to the wisdom of the ancients, attempting to draw a psychological boost from the myth that elders always possess a relatively larger vault of knowledge.
Circular Reasoning ? This line of thought attempts to use the conclusion of an argument as proof of the assumption. ?For example, "How do I know the Bible is true? ?Because God wrote the Bible. ?How do I know God wrote the Bible? ?Because it says so in it, and it's true." ?This may remind the reader of silly attempts to use a word being defined it its own definition.
Fallacy of Extension ? Also known as the Straw Man Argument, this fallacy creates an exaggerated variant of the opponent's idea and defeats it instead of the original subject of debate. ?For instance, "The Illuminati's alternative three and population reduction plans are proof that they have evil intentions… they want to kill!" ?This supposed Illuminati could very well have good intentions, which could be to save all of mankind by bringing humanity into balance with the/a planet's ability to support life.
Appeal to False Authority ? This is an attempt to claim validity for an argument because someone who commands respect for his expertise in an unrelated field supports it. ?For example, "We shouldn't attempt to contact extraterrestrial intelligence, camisetas del barça because Stephen Hawking said that aliens would most likely be hostile." ?Here, the problem is that, while Hawking is a theoretical and astrophysicist, he is not an exopolitician.